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 [Á¶È¸: 4586]
<±â°í> ±Û·Î¹ú ¼¼¹«¼­ºñ½º¸¦ À§ÇÑ Tip_¼¼¹«¿µ¾î(8)
Accrual Basis vs. Cash Basis
(¹ß»ýÁÖÀÇ¿Í Çö±ÝÁÖÀÇ)

 

À̵¿±â ¼¼¹«»ç
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½Ãµå´Ï´ë ·Î½ºÄð ±¹Á¦Á¶¼¼ ¼®»ç

Á¤º¸ ÀÌ¿ëÀÚ¿¡°Ô À¯¿ëÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ±â¾÷ȸ°è ±âÁØ¿¡ µû¸£¸é À繫Á¦Ç¥´Â ¹ß»ý±âÁØ¿¡ µû¶ó ÀÛ¼ºÇϵµ·Ï µÇ¾î Àִµ¥, ÀÌ°ÍÀ» ¡®¹ß»ýÁÖÀÇ¡¯¶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù. ¹ß»ýÁÖÀÇ¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé, ±â¾÷ÀÇ °æÁ¦Àû °Å·¡³ª »ç°Ç°ú °ü·ÃµÈ ¼öÀÍ°ú ºñ¿ëÀº ±× Çö±Ý À¯ÃâÀÔÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ±â°£ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ±× °Å·¡³ª »ç°ÇÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÑ ±â°£¿¡ ÀνÄÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
±×·±µ¥ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹ß»ýÁÖÀÇ¿Í´Â ´Þ¸® Çö±ÝÀÇ ¼öÀÔÀ̳ª ÁöÃâÀÌ ÀÖÀ» ¶§ ±× °Å·¡³»¿ëÀ» ÀåºÎ¿¡ ±â·ÏÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¡®Çö±ÝÁÖÀÇ¡¯¶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù.
ÇÑÆí, ¿ì¸®³ª¶ó ¹ýÀμ¼¹ýÀ̳ª ¼Òµæ¼¼¹ý¿¡¼­´Â °øÆò°ú¼¼¸¦ ½ÇÇöÇϱâ À§ÇØ ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ±Ç¸®³ª Àǹ«°¡ È®Á¤µÈ ³¯ÀÌ ¼ÓÇÏ´Â ±â°£¿¡ ¼öÀÍÀ̳ª ºñ¿ëÀ» ÀåºÎ¿¡ °è»óÇϵµ·Ï ÇÏ°í Àִµ¥, ÀÌ°ÍÀ» ¡®±Ç¸®Àǹ«È®Á¤ÁÖÀÇ¡¯¶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù. ¹Ì±¹¼¼¹ý¿¡¼­ ¿¹¿ÜÀûÀ¸·Î ±Ô¸ð°¡ ÀÛÀº ¹ýÀο¡ ´ëÇØ Çö±ÝÁÖÀǸ¦ ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ´Â °Í°ú ¿ì¸®³ª¶ó ¼¼¹ý¿¡¼­ ±âºÎ±ÝÀ̳ª ÀϺΠ±ÝÀ¶¼öÀÔ¿¡ ´ëÇØ Çö±ÝÁÖÀǸ¦ ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì µîÀ» Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°í´Â ±â¾÷ȸ°è³ª ¼¼¹«È¸°è ¸ðµÎ Çö±ÝÁÖÀÇ¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ È¸°è³ª ¼¼¹«Ã³¸®´Â ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀÌ ¿øÄ¢ÀÌ´Ù.

There are two basic ways to do accounting: accrual basis and cash basis. In the accrual basis accounting, a business transaction is recognized as it occurs. When the business makes a sale, performs a service, or incurs an expense, the transaction is recorded whether or not cash has been received or paid. In preparing financial statements for an accounting period using accrual basis accounting, there will be some estimation and uncertainty in respect of transactions.
 
ȸ°è󸮿¡´Â ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ¹ß»ýÁÖÀÇ¿Í Çö±ÝÁÖÀÇÀÇ µÎ °¡Áö ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¹ß»ýÁÖÀÇȸ°è¿¡¼­´Â ±â¾÷ÀÇ °Å·¡´Â ±×°ÍÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÑ ¶§ ±â·ÏÀÌ µÈ´Ù. ±â¾÷ÀÌ ¸ÅÃâÀ» Çϰųª ¼­ºñ½º¸¦ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì ¶Ç´Â ºñ¿ëÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÒ ¶§ Çö±ÝÀ» ¼ö·ÉÇ߰ųª Áö±ÞÇß´ÂÁö¿¡ °ü°è¾øÀÌ ±× °Å·¡´Â ±â·ÏµÈ´Ù. ¹ß»ýÁÖÀÇȸ°è¸¦ Àû¿ëÇÏ¿© ¾î¶² ȸ°è±â°£¿¡ ´ëÇÑ À繫Á¦Ç¥¸¦ ÀÛ¼ºÇÒ ¶§´Â °Å·¡¿Í °ü·ÃÇؼ­ ¾î´À Á¤µµ ÃßÁ¤°ú ºÒÈ®½Ç¼ºÀÌ ÀÖÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

In cash basis accounting, a transaction is recorded only when cash is received or paid. Cash receipts are treated as revenues and cash payments are handled as expenses. Under the cash basis accounting, there is no accounting for prepayments or accruals. Fundamentally, GAAP requires that businesses use the accrual basis because the accrual basis accounting is more complex but more complete than cash basis accounting.

Çö±ÝÁÖÀÇȸ°è¿¡¼­ ¿ÀÁ÷ Çö±ÝÀ» ¼ö·ÉÇ߰ųª Áö±ÞµÇ¾úÀ» ¶§ °Å·¡°¡ ±â·ÏµÈ´Ù. Çö±Ý¼ö·ÉÀº ¼öÀÍÀ¸·Î Ãë±ÞµÇ°í, Çö±ÝÁö±ÞÀº ºñ¿ëÀ¸·Î 󸮵ȴÙ. Çö±ÝÁÖÀÇȸ°è ¾Æ·¡¿¡¼­´Â ¼±±Þ±ÝÀ̳ª ¹ÌÁö±Þ±Ý °èÁ¤ÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÎÁ¤µÈ ȸ°è¿øÄ¢¿¡¼­´Â ¹ß»ýÁÖÀÇÀÇ Àû¿ëÀ» ¿ä±¸Çϴµ¥, ±× ÀÌÀ¯´Â ¹ß»ýÁÖÀÇȸ°è°¡ Çö±ÝÁÖÀÇȸ°è º¸´Ù ´õ º¹ÀâÇϱâ´Â ÇÏÁö¸¸ º¸´Ù ¿Ï°áÀûÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.

According to the Article 40 of Korean Corporate Tax Act, the business year in which gross income and deductible expenses of a domestic corporation accrue shall be the business year which includes the date of relevant gross income and deductible expenses are settled. And in the article 68, 69, 70, 71 of the Enforcement Decree of the Corporate Tax Act, the recognition period for gains & losses from sale of assets, performing of services, interest income and other gains and losses, such as rental fees is stipulated respectively.

¿ì¸®³ª¶ó ¹ýÀμ¼¹ý Á¦40Á¶¿¡ µû¸£¸é, ³»±¹¹ýÀÎÀÇ Àͱݰú ¼Õ±ÝÀÌ ¼ÓÇÏ´Â »ç¾÷¿¬µµ´Â °ü·ÃµÇ´Â Àͱݰú ¼Õ±ÝÀÌ È®Á¤µÈ ¼ÓÇÏ´Â »ç¾÷¿¬µµÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¹ýÀμ¼¹ý ½ÃÇà·É Á¦68Á¶, Á¦69Á¶, Á¦70Á¶ ¹× Á¦71Á¶¿¡¼­´Â ÀÚ»êÀÇ ÆǸÅ, ¿ë¿ªÀÇ Á¦°ø, ÀÌÀÚ¼öÀÔ°ú ÀÓ´ë·á µî ±× ¹ÛÀÇ ¼ÕÀÍÀÇ ±Í¼Ó½Ã±â¸¦ ±ÔÁ¤ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

Key-words
accrual basis(¹ß»ýÁÖÀÇ)/ cash basis(Çö±ÝÁÖÀÇ)/ transaction(°Å·¡)/ recognize(ÀνÄÇÏ´Ù)/ occur(¹ß»ýÇÏ´Ù)/ performing of a service(¿ë¿ªÀÇ Á¦°ø)/ incur(¹ß»ýÇÏ´Ù)/ financial statements(À繫Á¦Ç¥)/ estimation(ÃßÁ¤)/ uncertainty(ºÒÈ®½Ç¼º)/ in respect of(°ü·ÃÇؼ­)/ receipt(¼ö·É, ¿µ¼ö)/ prepayment(¼±±Þ±Ý)/ accrual(¹ÌÁö±Þ±Ý, ¹ß»ýºÐ)/ GAAP(Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) : ¿ø·¡ Àǹ̴ ¡°ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÎÁ¤µÈ ȸ°è¿øÄ¢¡±ÀÌÁö¸¸ ¡°±â¾÷ȸ°è±âÁØ¡±À̶ó´Â Àǹ̷εµ »ç¿ëµÊ/ complex(º¹ÀâÇÑ)/ complete(¿Ï°áÀûÀÎ)/ Corporate Tax Act(¹ýÀμ¼¹ý)/ Enforcement Decree of the Corporate Tax Act(¹ýÀμ¼¹ý ½ÃÇà·É)/ gross income(ÀͱÝ, ÃѼöÀԱݾ×)/ deductible expense(¼Õ±Ý, ÇÊ¿ä°æºñ)/ recognition period(±Í¼Ó½Ã±â, ÀνĽñâ)/ stipulate(±ÔÁ¤ÇÏ´Ù)/ respectively(°¢°¢)


 

¼¼¹«»ç½Å¹® Á¦686È£(2016.10.17)

 

 [Á¶È¸: 4586]